| Exclusion criterion | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer status (within one year prior to baseline) | 10334 | 492064 |
| CHD | 22937 | 479461 |
| Cirrhosis | 1780 | 500618 |
| Diabetes | 26395 | 476003 |
| Pregnant | 150 | 502248 |
| N |
|---|
| 446808 |
| Biomarker | Abbreviation | Group | UKB Field | Log-transformed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine aminotransferase | ALT | Liver | 30620 | Yes |
| Apolipoprotein B | ApoB | Lipoproteins | 30640 | No |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | hsCRP | Inflammation | 30710 | Yes |
| Total cholesterol | TC | Lipids | 30690 | No |
| Random glucose | RG | Glycemic | 30740 | No |
| Glycated hemoglobin | HbA1c | Glycemic | 30750 | No |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | HDL-C | Lipids | 30760 | No |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | LDL-C | Lipids | 30780 | No |
| Triglycerides | TG | Lipids | 30870 | Yes |
| Vitamin D | VitD | Other | 30890 | No |
| Systolic blood pressure | SBP | Blood pressure | 4080 | No |
| Diastolic blood pressure | DBP | Blood pressure | 4079 | No |
| Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation | AISI | Inflammation | Aggregate | Yes |
| Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index | SII | Inflammation | Aggregate | Yes |
| Systemic Inflammation Response Index | SIRI | Inflammation | Aggregate | Yes |
The following QC and preprocessing steps were performed on raw blood biomarker data from the main assessment center visit:
Note: These preprocessing steps were undertaken in the full dataset (prior to removing related individuals).
Dashed lines in raw biomarker histograms denote the limits of the analytical range for the associated test (as provided by UKB).
| Threshold (# SDs) | # samples removed |
|---|---|
| 3 | 5372 |
| 4 | 2668 |
| 5 | 1473 |
| 6 | 909 |
| 7 | 597 |
| Threshold (# SDs) | # samples removed |
|---|---|
| 3 | 6017 |
| 4 | 2479 |
| 5 | 1114 |
| 6 | 507 |
| 7 | 220 |
Dietary data came from online 24-hour dietary questionnaires, collected at anywhere from one to five timepoints including the assessment center visit (for the final ~70k participants) and online between approximately Feb 2011 - Apr 2012.
The following QC and preprocessing steps were performed:
| MDS component | Abbreviation | Category | Threshold |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetables | VEG | Healthy | Greater than median |
| Legumes | LEGUMES | Healthy | Greater than median |
| Fruit | FRUIT | Healthy | Greater than median |
| Nuts | NUTS | Healthy | Greater than median |
| Fish | FISH | Healthy | Greater than median |
| Whole grains | WHGRAIN | Healthy | Greater than median |
| MUFA-to-SFA ratio | MUFA2SFA | Healthy | Greater than median |
| Red and processed meat | REDPRMEAT | Unhealthy | Less than median |
| Alcohol | ALC | Mixed | >5 and <25 g/day |
| # recalls completed | N |
|---|---|
| 1 | 65971 |
| 2 | 38323 |
| 3 | 26206 |
| 4 | 12351 |
| 5 | 1725 |
We can use basic linear regressions of biomarker values on dietary variables (MDS and its individual components) to prioritize particular diet-biomarker pairs for further exploration. We will also include a summary variable incorporating signal from all cardiometabolic biomarkers (the first principal component from a PCA [centered and scaled] on all biomarkers).
Does use of a mixed model, with a random effect governed by a diet-based covariance matrix, change effect estimates or precision compared to either unadjusted models or models using dietary fixed effects?
## # A tibble: 1 × 5
## term estimate std.error statistic p.value
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 FISH -0.0261 0.00633 -4.13 0.0000371
## # A tibble: 1 × 5
## term estimate std.error statistic p.value
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 FISH_bin -0.129 0.00938 -13.8 4.97e-43
## # A tibble: 1 × 5
## term estimate std.error statistic p.value
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 oily_fish -0.247 0.0200 -12.3 7.39e-35
## # A tibble: 1 × 5
## term estimate std.error statistic p.value
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 nonoily_fish -0.0323 0.0216 -1.49 0.135
## # A tibble: 1 × 5
## term estimate std.error statistic p.value
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 fish_oil -0.0310 0.0104 -2.99 0.00278